Checklist

Species	Plant Form	Nativity	Plant Family
*Acer pensylvanicum*	T	N	Sapindaceae
*Acer platanoides*	T	E	Sapindaceae
*Acer rubrum*	T	N	Sapindaceae
*Acer saccharum*	T	N	Sapindaceae
*Achillea millefolium*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Actaea rubra*	W / G	N	Ranunculaceae
*Agrimonia gryposepala*	W / G	N	Rosaceae
*Amelanchier arborea*	T	N	Rosaceae
*Antennaria plantaginifolia*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Anthoxanthum odoratum*	W / G	E	Poaceae
*Aralia nudicaulis*	W / G	N	Araliaceae
*Arisaema triphyllum*	W / G	N	Araceae
*Asclepias tuberosa*	W / G	N	Apocynaceae
*Asplenium platyneuron*	F	N	Aspleniaceae
*Athyrium filix-femina*	F	N	Athyriaceae
*Berberis thunbergii*	S / V	E	Berberidaceae
*Betula lenta*	T	N	Betulaceae
*Carex laxiflora*	W / G	N	Cyperaceae
*Carex pensylvanica*	W / G	N	Cyperaceae
*Carya glabra*	T	N	Juglandaceae
*Castanea dentata*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Clinopodium vulgare*	W / G	E	Lamiaceae
*Cornus alternifolia*	S / V	N	Cornaceae
*Corylus americana*	S / V	N	Betulaceae
*Cystopteris bulbifera*	F	N	Cystopteridaceae
*Danthonia compressa*	W / G	N	Poaceae
*Daphne mezereum*	S / V	E	Thymelaceae
*Dianthus armeria*	W / G	E	Caryophylaceae
*Diervilla lonicera*	S / V	N	Caprifoliaceae
*Dryopteris marginalis*	F	N	Dryopteridaceae
*Epipactis helleborine*	W / G	E	Orchidaceae
*Equisetum hyemale*	F	N	Equisetaceae
*Erigeron annuus*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Eurybia divaricata*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Fagus grandifolia*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Fraxinus americana*	T	N	Oleaceae
*Galium circaezans*	W / G	N	Rubiaceae
*Hamamelis virginiana*	S / V	N	Hamamelidaceae
*Helianthus tuberosus*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Hepatica americana*	W / G	N	Ranunculaceae
*Hesperis matronalis*	W / G	E	Brassicaceae
*Hieracium murorum*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Houstonia caerulea*	W / G	N	Rubiaceae
*Hypericum perforatum*	W / G	E	Hypericaceae
*Juncus tenuis*	W / G	N	Juncaceae
*Juniperus virginiana*	T	N	Cupressaceae
*Leucanthemum vulgare*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Lindera benzoin*	S / V	N	Lauraceae
*Liriodendron tulipifera*	T	N	Magnoliaceae
*Lobelia siphilitica*	W / G	N	Campanulaceae
*Lonicera maackii*	S / V	E	Caprifoliaceae
*Luzula multiflora*	W / G	N	Juncaceae
*Maianthemum racemosum*	W / G	N	Asparagaceae
*Matteuccia struthiopteris*	F	N	Onocleaceae
*Melampyrum lineare*	W / G	N	Orobanchaceae
*Melilotus albus*	W / G	E	Fabaceae
*Mertensia virginica*	W / G	N	Boraginaceae
*Micranthes virginiensis*	W / G	N	Saxifragaceae
*Monotropa uniflora*	W / G	N	Ericaceae
*Ostrya virginiana*	T	N	Betulaceae
*Oxalis stricta*	W / G	N	Oxalidaceae
*Penstemon hirsutus*	W / G	N	Plantaginaceae
*Phlox subulata*	W / G	N	Polemoniaceae
*Pilosella �‌floribundum*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Pilosella piloselloides*	W / G	E	Asteraceae
*Pinus resinosa*	T	N	Pinaceae
*Pinus strobus*	T	N	Pinaceae
*Poa compressa*	W / G	E	Poaceae
*Podophyllum peltatum*	W / G	N	Berberidaceae
*Polygala verticillata*	W / G	N	Polygalaceae
*Polygaloides paucifolia*	W / G	N	Polygalaceae
*Polygonatum pubescens*	W / G	N	Asparagaceae
*Polypodium virginianum*	F	N	Polypodiaceae
*Polystichum acrostichoides*	F	N	Dryopteridaceae
*Quercus alba*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Quercus montana*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Quercus rubra*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Quercus velutina*	T	N	Fagaceae
*Rhododendron prinophyllum*	S / V	N	Ericaceae
*Ribes cynosbati*	S / V	N	Grossulariaceae
*Sanicula marilandica*	W / G	N	Apiaceae
*Sassafras albidum*	T	N	Lauraceae
*Schizachyrium scoparium*	W / G	N	Poaceae
*Solidago bicolor*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Solidago caesia*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Solidago flexicaulis*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Solidago juncea*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Solidago nemoralis*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Symphyotrichum lowrieanum*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Symphyotrichum undulatum*	W / G	N	Asteraceae
*Symplocarpus foetidus*	W / G	N	Araceae
*Tiarella cordifolia*	W / G	N	Saxifragaceae
*Tilia americana*	T	N	Malvaceae
*Trifolium pratense*	W / G	E	Fabaceae
*Trillium erectum*	W / G	N	Melanthiaceae
*Trillium grandiflorum*	W / G	N	Melanthiaceae
*Tsuga canadensis*	T	N	Pinaceae
*Uvularia perfoliata*	W / G	N	Colchicaceae
*Vaccinium angustifolium*	S / V	N	Ericaceae
*Veronica officinalis*	W / G	E	Plantaginaceae
*Viburnum acerifolium*	S / V	N	Adoxaceae
*Vincetoxicum rossicum*	S / V	E	Apocynaceae

Abbreviations Used
	F	Ferns or fern relatives	E	Exotic (non-native) species
	S / V	Shrubs or woody vines	N	Native species
	T	Trees
	W / G	Herbaceous flowering plants, incl. graminoids


	For most of its length, Buttermilk Gorge is flanked to the north by vertical cliffs or steep slopes. The territory referred to here as the "North Crest" is a narrow strip of land along the summits of those cliffs, stretching from near King Road in the southeast to the visitor center at the base of the hill to the northwest. Some of the plants of the North Crest are found nowhere else in the overall area surveyed during this project. Ecological conditions of portions of the North Crest are unique within the area surveyed, due in part to a southern exposure, slightly greater availability of sunlight and increased water drainage. Soil depth is often thin in these areas. Though the Rim Trail intersects or closely parallels the North Crest in a couple places, it doesn't strictly parallel the channel of Buttermilk Creek. Where it diverges, sounds of cascading creek water are at best very faint and distant. Chain-link fencing separates the Rim Trail from the cliffs of the North Crest in places to help prevent hikers from accidentally falling off the cliffs. The fencing also tends to prevent certain large herbivors from damaging the plants growing close to the cliffs.

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