Native Plants Suitable for Wildflower Gardens & Meadows or Traditional Gardens in the NY Finger Lakes
I. Native Plants Suitable for Wildflower Gardens & Meadows or Traditional Gardens in the NY Finger Lakes
Native plants often have very specific cultural requirements and success in growing them often depends on reproducing the native habitat. Many references can provide more information on the type of soil, etc. that would be best for a given species. Many of these plants are not available in standard nurseries, but are readily propagated from seed. FLNPS has a members’ seed exchange, and can provide information on propagation. Please see the note on collecting at the end of the plant list.
Species | Common Name | Culture | Blooms | Status | Note |
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Actaea pachypoda |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Can take dry shade, deer resistant. A pink-red fruited form can be found. The peduncle is thick compared to A. rubra, so it is easily distinguished. | |
Actaea racemosa |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Will spread in good conditions, and can tolerate mild drought once established. (Cimicifuga racemosa) |
Actaea rubra |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Spring | Showy fruit. | |
Allium canadense |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | Can be weedy. | |
Allium cernuum |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Threatened | |
Allium tricoccum |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Summer | edible | |
Anemone canadensis |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Groundcover. Can be weedy in some areas | |
Anemone quinquefolia |
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Moist Shade | Spring | Ephemeral. | |
Anemone virginiana |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Large petals, when in seed is easily confused w/A. cylindrica which has tiny curved petals | |
Anemonella thalictroides | |||||
Angelica atropurpurea |
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Moist Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Antennaria howellii |
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Dry Sun Rocky/Stony | Mid Spring | Well-drained. Good for rock gardens and rocky slopes. 6-14 inches high, shorter than some other Antennaria sp. | |
Antennaria neglecta |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring | grey leaves | |
Antennaria parlinii |
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Dry Shade | Spring | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Antennaria plantaginifolia |
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Dry Sun, Part Sun Sandy | Mid Spring | Groundcover. Well-drained. Fuzzy grey leaves and unusual flower shape are good in well drained, poor soils. Best with little competition. | |
Apocynum androsaemifolium |
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Dry Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Sandy | Summer | Can be weedy. Attracts butterflies. Showier than A. cannabinum, but spreads | |
Apocynum cannabinum |
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Mid Summer, Late Summer | Attracts butterflies. | ||
Aquilegia canadensis |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Well-drained soil | |
Aralia racemosa |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Summer | Well-drained. Interesting in naturalistic areas; grows in ravines, on bluffs, and wooded slopes. | |
Arisaema dracontium |
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Moist, Wet Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Early Summer | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. |
Arisaema triphyllum |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Spring, Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Asarum canadense |
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Dry, Moist Shade | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Groundcover; mild drought OK | |
Asclepias incarnata |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Asclepias quadrifolia |
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Asclepias syriaca |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Can be weedy. Showy fruit. Attracts butterflies. Spreads | |
Asclepias tuberosa |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Sandy | Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. Well-drained soil | |
Blephilia hirsuta |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Summer | Scarce in FL | Well-drained. fragrant foliage, mint |
Calopogon tuberosus |
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Wet Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Mid Summer | exploitably vulnerable - protected | Wet meadows & bogs; protected NYS; for experienced growers & from responsible propagators. Not suited for gardens. |
Caltha palustris |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Standing water is OK in spring, not year round. | |
Calystegia sepium |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. Don't encourage. Extremely hard to eliminate. | |
Campanula rotundifolia |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Sun Rocky/Stony | Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Well drained, crevices; commercial sources usually European forms | |
Campanulastrum americana |
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Moist Part Shade | Late Summer, Fall | Critically imperilled (S1) | Recommended for gardening. Biennial. Probably extirpated in the FL area, but grows well and is very attractive. Obtain local seed from exchanges & other gardeners (prolific seed producer) |
Cardamine bulbosa |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Edible | |
Cardamine concatenata |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | Early Spring | Ephemeral. Site can be dry in summer if moist in spring. (Dentaria laciniata) | |
Cardamine diphylla |
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Moist, Wet Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Spring | Ephemeral. | |
Cardamine maxima |
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Moist, Wet Shade | Mid Spring | Ephemeral. | |
Caulophyllum thalictroides |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Showy fruit. | |
Chamaelirium luteum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Early Summer | Critically imperilled (S1) | Endangered in NYS. Not suitable for introducing to new locations/gardens in NYS. If it is already in your garden, then: Minimize competition; dioecious-needs both sexes to set seed; female form larger. |
Chelone glabra |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. | |
Chimaphila maculata |
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Dry Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Sandy Acidic | Summer | difficult in gardens | |
Claytonia caroliniana |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Ephemeral. Site can be dry in summer if moist in spring | |
Claytonia virginica |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Ephemeral. Site can be dry in summer if moist in spring. | |
Clintonia borealis |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Late Spring, Summer | Showy fruit. difficult | |
Collinsonia canadensis |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Summer, Early Fall | Fragrant, naturalizes at wood edges. | |
Comandra umbellata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Late Spring, Early Summer | semi-parasitic | |
Coptis trifolia |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Late Spring, Summer | Groundcover. difficult | |
Corydalis aurea var aurea |
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Dry Sun Rocky/Stony | Mid Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer | Threatened | Well-drained. Probably extirpated in Cayuga Basin; use seed from as near as possible; Take care NOT to get weedy garden perennial C. lutea; C aurea is a winter annual & weed in Western US, poisonous to cattle |
Corydalis sempervirens |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Rocky/Stony | Late Spring, Summer, Early Fall | Rare in FL | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. Short-lived, self-sows; probably extirpated in Ithaca area |
Cryptotaenia canadensis |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Part Shade | Summer | very small flowers | |
Cypripedium acaule |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Summer | Used in traditional 19th century gardens. very difficult; needs very acid humus; most transplants die; not recommended | |
Cypripedium parviflorum var pubescens |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Summer | Recommended for gardening. Easiest native Cyp. to grow | |
Cypripedium parviflorum var. makasin |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade Lime Loving | Summer | Neutral to limey soil | |
Cypripedium reginae |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun Lime Loving | Summer | Moderately difficult. | |
Desmodium canadense |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | ||
Desmodium glutinosum |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer | ||
Dicentra canadensis |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Spring | Ephemeral. Site can be dry in summer if moist in spring. | |
Dicentra cucullaria |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Ephemeral. Site can be dry in summer if moist in spring. | |
Disporum lanuginosum |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Spring | Scarce | Showy fruit. |
Doellingeria umbellata |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Fall | Attracts butterflies. (Aster umbellatus) | |
Enemion biternatum |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Native to the midwest and the far west of NYS, but found in gardens and can be confused with the wood anemone Thalictrum thalictroides. | |
Epigaea repens |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Sandy Acidic | Spring | exploitably vulnerable - protected | Well-drained. Difficult; sandy or humus soils with little competition |
Epilobium angustifolium |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Can be weedy. Agressive! | |
Erigeron annuus |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Summer, Fall | Can be weedy. Annual, reseeds. | |
Erigeron philadelphicus |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. | |
Erigeron pulchellus |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Erythronium americanum |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Ephemeral. Some clonal colonies do not bloom; others do. | |
Eupatorium fistulosum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Eupatorium perfoliatum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | Attracts butterflies. | |
Eupatorium purpureum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Eupatorium rugosum |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer, Early Fall | Can be weedy. Nearly invasive in good soil. | |
Eurybia divaricata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer, Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. (Aster divaricatus) Spreads | |
Eurybia macrophylla |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Fall | Well-drained. Attracts butterflies. (Aster macrophyllus) Well-drained, rich | |
Eurybia schreberi |
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Moist Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Scarce in FL | Attracts butterflies. (Aster schreberi) |
Euthamia graminifolia |
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Moist Sun | Late Summer | Can be weedy. Attracts butterflies. | |
Eutrochium maculatum |
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Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. Eupatorium maculatum | |
Fragaria vesca |
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Moist Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Showy fruit. edible | |
Fragaria virginiana |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Showy fruit. edible | |
Galearis spectabilis |
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Moist Part Shade Rocky/Stony | Spring | rich, moist, rocky woodlands. DIfficult. | |
Gaultheria procumbens |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring, Summer | Groundcover. Showy fruit. evergreen | |
Gaura biennis |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Summer, Early Fall | Can be weedy. Biennial, allow to self sow. | |
Gentiana andrewsii |
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Moist Part Sun | Early Fall | Rare in FL | |
Gentiana clausa |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun | Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. | |
Gentianopsis crinita |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun Neutral | Early Fall | Very difficult, very site specific, biennial. | |
Geranium maculatum |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Can take some summer drought. | |
Geranium robertianum |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring, Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Can be weedy. Nice in fall. | |
Goodyera pubescens |
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Moist Part Shade Acidic | Late Summer, Early Fall | ||
Helenium autumnale |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Fall | Recommended for gardening. good in wet meadows | |
Helianthus decapetalus |
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Moist Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Open woods; Can spread | |
Helianthus divericatus |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Summer | Can be weedy. agressive | |
Helianthus tuberosus |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Summer | Can be weedy. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. edible, very aggressive, hard to eradicate | |
Heliopsis helianthoides |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. aggressive | |
Hepatica nobilis var. acuta |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland Lime Loving | Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Hibiscus moscheutos ssp moscheutos |
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Moist, Wet Sun | Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Houstonia caerulea |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Early Summer | ||
Hydrastis canadensis |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Rare in FL | Showy fruit. Slow growing; cool, slightly acid-neutral soil |
Hydrophyllum canadense |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Early Summer | Groundcover. Variegated leaves in sun, can spread | |
Hydrophyllum virginianum |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Early Summer | Groundcover. can spread | |
Hypericum punctatum |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall | ||
Hypoxis hirsuta |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Summer | ||
Impatiens capensis |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. | |
Impatiens pallida |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. | |
Iris versicolor |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Can take standing water | |
Jeffersonia diphylla |
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Dry, Moist Shade Neutral | Mid Spring | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. Great foliage; flower short-lived; easy from fresh seed. |
Lilium canadense |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Deer love it | |
Lilium philadelphicum var philadelphicum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Sandy Acidic | Summer | Difficult. Acidic, well-drained sand/soil. | |
Lilium superbum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Fussy about site; may refuse to bloom or bulb split into scales. | |
Lithospermum latifolium |
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Dry, Moist Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Rare in FL | Not showy but neat if you happen to have it |
Lobelia cardinalis |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Scarce | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Very showy species - some odd cultivars |
Lobelia inflata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Can be weedy. Not very showy | |
Lobelia siphilitica |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Summer, Fall | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Short lived – spread seeds | |
Lupinus perennis |
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Sun Sandy Acidic | Late Spring, Early Summer | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained, acid; goes dormant after flowers |
Lysimachia ciliata |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. | |
Maianthemum canadense |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Acidic | Ephemeral. No alkalinity | ||
Maianthemum racemosum |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. previously Smilacina | |
Maianthemum stellatum |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Showy fruit. Moist meadows; Requires 2 different clones to fruit | |
Mentha arvensis |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Summer | ||
Mertensia virginica |
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Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Scarce | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Ephemeral. Can be dry in summer |
Mimulus ringens |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Summer | Short-lived, but can naturalize& pesist | |
Mitchella repens |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Groundcover. Showy fruit. Slow growing, keep free of much leaf litter | |
Mitella diphylla |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. | |
Monarda didyma |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Attracts butterflies. Can spread a lot in sun & moist soil | |
Monarda fistulosa |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Myosotis laxa |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | Very small flowers; edge of water | |
Oenothera biennis |
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Dry, Moist Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Fall | Used in traditional 19th century gardens. night flowering; aggressive biennial | |
Oenothera parviflora |
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Dry, Moist Sun | Summer | Biennial | |
Oenothera perennis |
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Dry, Moist Sun | Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Biennial | |
Osmorhiza longistylis |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Lime Loving | Spring | ||
Oxalis montana |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | ||
Oxalis stricta |
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Dry, Moist Sun | Late Spring, Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Very weedy! | |
Packera aurea |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. good groundcover, best in large groups (syn: Senecio aureus) | |
Panax quinquefolia |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Mid Spring | Well-drained. Showy fruit. Difficult | |
Panax trifolius |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Ephemeral. | |
Penstemon digitalis |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. | |
Penstemon hirsutus |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Rocky/Stony | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Prefers rocks or sandy soil; easy from seed | |
Phlox divaricata |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Phlox stolonifera |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. | |
Phlox subulata |
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Dry, Moist Sun Rocky/Stony | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Rocky or sandy soil but must be well drained; some highly colored cultivars are hybrids | |
Phryma leptostachya |
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Moist Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Scarce | Rich, moist woods. |
Phytolacca americana |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Can be weedy. Showy fruit. Large, with poisonous fruit. | ||
Platanthera blephariglottis |
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Moist, Wet Sun Acidic | Late Summer | exploitably vulnerable - protected | Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Bogs & sphagnum meadows |
Platanthera dilatata |
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Moist Part Shade Acidic | Mid Summer | exploitably vulnerable - protected | fragrant, bogs |
Platanthera grandiflora |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade Acidic | Mid Summer | exploitably vulnerable - protected | bogs |
Platanthera psycodes |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Summer | Used in traditional 19th century gardens. difficult in cultivation | |
Podophyllum peltatum |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring | Ephemeral. Showy fruit. | |
Pogonia ophioglossoides |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Early Summer | exploitably vulnerable - protected | easiest bog orchard to grow |
Polemonium reptans |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Semi-dormant in summer. | |
Polygonatum biflorum |
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Moist Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Polygonatum pubescens |
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Moist Shade | Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Porteranthus trifoliatus |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Potentilla canadensis |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer | ||
Prenanthes altissima |
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Dry Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer | Looks very weedy once flower stalk elongates, but it isn't. | |
Pycnanthemum incanum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. fragant | |
Ranunculus septentrionalis |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer | Consistently moist, slightly acidic soil preferred | |
Rudbeckia laciniata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Spreads. “Golden Glow” is a double form | |
Sagittaria latifolia |
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Wet | Late Summer | wetlands | |
Sanguinaria canadensis |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Lime Loving | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. sterile double forms available | |
Sarracenia purpurea |
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Wet Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Late Spring, Early Summer | Showy fruit. Acid bogs. Half sphagnum, half sand, only well, rain, or distilled water. | |
Scrophularia marilandica |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer | not showy, but tolerates dry shade | |
Sisyrinchium angustifolium |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer, Mid Summer | large flowered cultivars probably hybrid | |
Solidago altissima |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Fall | Can be weedy. | |
Solidago arguta |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Fall | Can take dry shade, med height; woodland edge | |
Solidago bicolor |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Not very showy, but tough | |
Solidago caesia |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Early Fall, Mid Fall | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. takes dry shade & woodland, under 3 ft | |
Solidago canadensis |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Fall | Can be weedy. Very aggressive - avoid planting it. Chemically discourages neighboring plants! | |
Solidago flexicaulis |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer, Fall, Early Fall | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. woodland, under 3 ft; showy; spreads | |
Solidago gigantea |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | Can be weedy. | |
Solidago juncea |
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Dry, Moist Sun | Early Fall | ||
Solidago nemoralis |
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Dry Sun, Part Sun Sandy | Mid Fall | Drought tolerant; poor soil best | |
Solidago patula |
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Moist, Wet Sun | Early Fall, Mid Fall | Very large, spreads | |
Solidago rugosa |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Fall, Mid Fall | Can be weedy. spreads rapidly, pulls easily; cultivar Fireworks less aggressive (but still IS) | |
Solidago ulmifolia |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Fall | Rare in FL | A woodland goldenrod |
Spiranthes cernua |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer | FLNPS does not recommend orchids for gardens. Specialists who can provide the exacting conditions & care, and who obtain ethically propagated plants, are able to grow some native orchids. | |
Spiranthes lucida |
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Wet Sun, Part Sun Lime Loving | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Scarce in FL | FLNPS does not recommend orchids for gardens. Specialists who can provide the exacting conditions & care, and who obtain ethically propagated plants, are able to grow some native orchids. |
Streptopus rosea |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Mid Spring | Showy fruit. Difficult? Evenly moist, cool location | |
Symphyotrichum cordifolium |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Fall, Late Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. (Aster cordifolius) | |
Symphyotrichum laeve var laeve |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Lime Loving | Fall | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Attracts butterflies. (Aster laevis) | |
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ssp lanceolatum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Fall | Attracts butterflies. Weedy (Aster lanceolatus) | |
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Fall | Can be weedy. Attracts butterflies. (Aster lateriflorus) | |
Symphyotrichum lowrieanum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Fall | (Aster lowrieanus) Similar to S. cordifolium | |
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Fall | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Attracts butterflies. (Aster novae-angliae) may need staking unless cut back mid-summer | |
Symphyotrichum pilosum var pilosum |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Fall, Late Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. (Aster pilosus) prostrate cultivar available | |
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. (Aster prenanthoides) | |
Symphyotrichum puniceum |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Attracts butterflies. (Aster puniceus) | |
Symphyotrichum undulatum |
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Dry Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Summer, Fall | Can be weedy. Attracts butterflies. 1-3', very pale petals appear pinkish-lilac to blue depending on light. More floriferous in sun. | |
Symphyotrichum urophyllum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Fall | Can be weedy. Attracts butterflies. (Aster sagittifolius) | |
Symplocarpus foetidus |
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Wet Part Shade, Shade | Very Early Spring | Groundcover. Interesting flower; seasonally inundated | |
Tephrosia virginiana |
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Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Sandy Acidic | Early Summer | Rare in FL | Well-drained. Difficult, resents transplant/dividing; rocky or sandy soils |
Thalictrum dioicum |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Rocky/Stony | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Well-drained. Flowers not showy; dioecious; drier in summer OK | |
Thalictrum pubescens |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Thalictrum thalictroides |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained, slightly acid; Double & pink cultivars available | |
Tiarella cordifolia var. cordifolia |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. Stoloniferous; var collina (Wherry’s, clumping) blooms longer but is native further south. Cultivars often Wherry’s or hybrids. | |
Trientalis borealis |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Acidic | Spring | Ephemeral. woodland or bog | |
Trillium erectum |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Has an off-white form; grow from seed. | |
Trillium grandiflorum |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. grow from seed | |
Trillium undulatum |
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Moist Part Shade Acidic | Late Spring | Difficult; cool, moist, acid, well drained; extremely difficult to propagate-get proof prior to purchase | |
Triosteum perfoliatum |
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Moist Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Spring, Early Summer | Showy fruit. Interesting orange seeds; hard to germinate | |
Uvularia grandiflora |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Neutral | Early Spring, Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. May go dormant in summer if dry; neutral to limey | |
Uvularia perfoliata |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Believed extirpated | Well-drained. Showy fruit. |
Uvularia sessilifolia |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Spring | Showy fruit. | |
Veratrum viride |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Summer | Ephemeral. seasonal inundation good | |
Verbena hastata |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer | ||
Verbena urticifolia |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Can be weedy. Not very showy | |
Vernonia noveboracencis |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Fall | Recommended for gardening. Attracts butterflies. Very tall, late blooming composite. Questionably native in the Finger Lakes region, but lovely in the garden. | |
Veronicastrum virginicum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. | |
Viola canadensis |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. | |
Viola cucullata |
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Moist, Wet Part Sun | Wet meadows & bogs | ||
Viola labradorica |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Heat tolerant woodlander; purple leaved plant is a northern form | |
Viola pallens |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Spring | ||
Viola palmata |
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Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Spring | Scarce | |
Viola pubescens |
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Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. | |
Viola rostrata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Spring | Heat tolerant woodlander | |
Viola sagittata var.ovata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Rocky/Stony | Spring | True blue flowers; dry, poor or rocky soils | |
Viola sororia |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. various colors, but spreads! Rhizomes! Even in dry spots | ||
Viola striata |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer | Scarce | Happiest in rich, moist, but can take dry |
Waldsteinia fragarioides |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. Too aggressive in mixed beds; not edible | |
Zizia aptera |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Takes only moderately dry | |
Zizia aurea |
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Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer, Fall | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Self-sows too freely, but 2 bloom seasons |
Species | Common Name | Culture | Blooms | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adiantum pedatum |
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Moist, Wet Shade | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | ||
Asplenium platyneuron |
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Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade Rocky/Stony Lime Loving | Well-drained. Loves to grow in rock walls, especially in cracks in cement. Needs excellent drainage. | ||
Asplenium trichomanes |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade Rocky/Stony | exploitably vulnerable - protected | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Will grow in shade if placed between two rocks to ensure sharp drainage and crown protection. | |
Athyrium filix-femina |
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Dry, Moist Shade | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | ||
Cystopteris bulbifera |
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Dry, Moist Shade | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. spreads nicely, particularly down slopes | ||
Cystopteris fragilis |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | |||
Dennstaedtia punctilobula |
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Moist Part Shade | Not protected in NY | Weedy | |
Deparia acrostichoides |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade | exploitably vulnerable - protected | Recommended for gardening. mid size structural fern for limey soils | |
Diplazium pycnocarpon |
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Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Scarce | Prefers slopes and lime. | |
Dryopteris carthusiana |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | ||
Dryopteris goldiana |
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Moist Shade | Scarce | Recommended for gardening. Easy to propagate from spores | |
Dryopteris intermedia |
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Moist Shade | Recommended for gardening. | ||
Dryopteris marginalis |
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Dry, Moist Shade | Recommended for gardening. | ||
Matteuccia struthiopteris |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Spreads into dense thickets | ||
Onoclea sensibilis |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | Not protected in NY | Showy fruit. Spreads | |
Osmunda cinnamomea |
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Wet Part Sun, Part Shade | wetlands | ||
Osmunda claytoniana |
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Moist, Wet Part Shade | Recommended for gardening. Elegant, can take drier soil than other Osmundas | ||
Osmunda regalis |
|
Wet Part Shade, Shade | wetlands | ||
Phegopteris hexagonoptera |
|
Moist Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Scarce | ||
Polypodium virginianum |
|
Moist Shade Rocky/Stony Lime Loving | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Prefers thin soil on top of rocks | ||
Polystichum acrostichoides |
|
Dry, Moist Part Shade, Shade | Recommended for gardening. | ||
Pteridium aquilinum |
|
Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Not protected in NY | Can be weedy. | |
Thelypteris noveboracensis |
|
Moist, Wet Part Shade | Can be weedy. |
Species | Common Name | Culture | Blooms | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agrostis hyemalis |
|
Dry, Moist Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Light, airy; short lived but self sows | |
Andropogon gerardii |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Very large. |
Bromus altissimus |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Summer | Can be weedy. Cool season; early greening, nice seeds | |
Bromus ciliatus |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | Cool season; nice seeds | |
Carex aquatilis |
|
Wet Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Early Summer | Scarce in FL | |
Carex comosa |
|
Wet Sun | Summer | Showy fruit. wet ditches or rain gardens | |
Carex grayi |
|
Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | Early Summer | Rare in FL | Showy fruit. fruits are large spiked balls |
Carex hirtifolia |
|
Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | ||
Carex intumescens |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | ||
Carex pensylvanica |
|
Dry, Moist Part Shade | Spring | Groundcover. Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. grass-like groundcover in wooded areas | |
Carex plantaginea |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. short, wide leaves, woodland | |
Carex platyphylla |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. short, wide leaves, woodland | |
Carex prasina |
|
Moist, Wet Part Shade | Summer | Showy fruit. interesting drooping seedheads, along streams | |
Carex vulpinoidea |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | ||
Danthonia sp. |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer | Groundcover. D. spicata, D. compressa are short and tolerate being walked on. | |
Dichanthelium clandestinum |
|
Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Groundcover. Mid-height, erect, clumper. | |
Elymus canadensis |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Blue tinged leaves; great in meadows | |
Elymus hystrix |
|
Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Elegant for shade, particularly backlit or with dark background | |
Elymus riparius |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Summer | Can be weedy. Showy fruit. good for naturalizing along creeks | |
Elymus villosus |
|
Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer | Scarce in FL | |
Elymus virginicus |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | ||
Equisetum arvense |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Can be weedy. | ||
Equisetum hyemale |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Can be weedy. Interesting in bogs, spreads | ||
Juncus tenuis |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Can be weedy. initially cute, but very weedy | |
Panicum virgatum |
|
Moist Sun | Mid Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. fall color |
Schizachyrium scoparium |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall | Recommended for gardening. golden fall color | |
Scirpus atrovirens |
|
Moist, Wet Sun | Early Summer | flops | |
Sorghastrum nutans |
|
Dry, Moist Sun | Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall | Scarce in FL | Showy fruit. |
Species | Common Name | Culture | Blooms | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adlumia fungosa |
|
Moist, Wet Part Shade, Shade | Summer | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. Climbing Bleeding Heart |
Amphicarpa bracteata |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer | Well-drained. Annual; can overgrow neighbors | |
Apios americana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall | Well-drained. Edible seeds & tubers. | |
Celastrus scandens |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Fruits terminal- the more aggressive oriental bittersweet has axial fruit | |
Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis |
|
Part Sun Rocky/Stony Neutral | Spring | Rare in FL | Showy fruit. Rocky woods & ledges, gorges |
Clematis virginiana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Summer, Fall | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Can spread aggressively in moist sun, otherwise OK, large vine | |
Echinocystis lobata |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade | Late Summer, Early Fall | Can be weedy. Showy fruit. can overgrow neighbors | |
Lonicera hirsuta |
|
Moist Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. | |
Menispermum canadense |
|
Moist Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | Scarce in FL | Showy fruit. grape-like fruits mildly toxic; survives but fails to bloom in shade |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Summer | Can be weedy. Groundcover. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. scarlet fall color, large climber, rampant, can overwhelm competition | |
Vitis spp. |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Summer | Showy fruit. Vitis aestivalis, V labrusca, V riparia, V vulpina; Rampant, hard to control, wildlife value |
Species | Common Name | Culture | Blooms | Status | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acer negundo |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Spring | weedy | |
Acer pensylvanicum |
|
Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Acidic | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Cool acidic soil; nice bark | |
Acer saccharum |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Neutral | Very Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Day-glo orange fall color | |
Acer spicatum |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade Acidic | Late Spring | cool, acidic soil | |
Amelanchier arborea |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Spring | Showy fruit. tough, wildlife value | |
Amelanchier laevis |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Very Early Spring, Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. tough plant, wildlife value | |
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Sandy Acidic | Mid Spring | Rare in FL | Groundcover. Showy fruit. Difficult to establish |
Aronia arbutifolia |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Spring | Scarce | Showy fruit. prefers bogs and swamps |
Aronia melanocarpa |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring | Scarce | Recommended for gardening. can survive dry, but not happily |
Betula alleghaniensis |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Late Spring | ||
Betula papyrifera |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Mid Spring | Scarce in FL | Difficult; short lived; cool moist soil |
Carya ovata |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Can take moderately dry soil; peeling bark; wildlife value | |
Cornus alternifolia |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. bird food source | |
Cornus amomum |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. wildlife value | |
Cornus canadensis |
|
Moist Part Shade, Shade Humus-rich Woodland Acidic | Late Spring, Early Summer | Scarce in FL | Groundcover. Showy fruit. wants a cool site |
Cornus florida |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. prone to anthracnose | |
Cornus racemosa |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. spreads by stolons | |
Cornus rugosa |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Rocky/Stony | Early Summer | Showy fruit. gravelly slopes; wildlife value | |
Cornus sericea |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Spreads (stoloniferous); only moderate dryness, prefers wet | |
Corylus americana |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Very Early Spring | Showy fruit. Suckers, so best in wilder areas or if suckers are promptly removed. Edible fruit if you can harvest it, but excellent wildlife value. Catkins in spring and nice fall color. | |
Crataegus sp. |
|
Dry, Moist | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Thorns! WIldlife value. Numerous hard-to-distinguish species in our area. | |
Dasiphora floribunda |
|
Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Summer | Scarce in FL | Well-drained. Nurseries sell sterile European cultivars; pure species and local genotype hard to find. |
Diervilla lonicera |
|
Dry, Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Rocky/Stony | Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer | Spreads via stolons but nice if room is available. | |
Dirca palustris |
|
Moist Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Lime Loving | Mid Spring | rich soil, found in calcareous soils but tolerates acid, slow grower | |
Euonymus atropurpureus |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Humus-rich Woodland Lime Loving | Early Summer | Showy fruit. Red-pink berries and red fall color (not bright). Tolerates black walnut trees. Can reach 20 ft. | |
Fagus grandifolia |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Spring | Can be weedy. root suckers! | |
Fraxinus americana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun Humus-rich Woodland | Spring | ||
Fraxinus pennsylvanica |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Spring | Believed extirpated | Moist-wet woods; early fall color; cultivars available; believed to be extirpated in the wild in Cayuga Lake Basin |
Gymnocladus dioica |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring, Early Summer | Rare in FL | Showy fruit. rich alluvial soils; large pods on females can be messy |
Hamamelis virginiana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Fall, Late Fall | Recommended for gardening. OK in seasonally wet-moderately dry conditions | |
Ilex verticillata |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. only female has berries, needs nearby male | |
Juglans cinerea |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Well-drained. Showy fruit. needs ground water, not really dry | ||
Juglans nigra |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun Lime Loving | Early Summer | Rich soil; not much will grow underneath it | |
Kalmia latifolia |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Early Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Well-drained. |
Lindera benzoin |
|
Moist, Wet Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Mid Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. only female has berries, needs nearby male; fall color, tolerates wide pH range | |
Liriodendron tulipifera |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun Humus-rich Woodland | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. | |
Lonicera canadensis |
|
Moist, Wet Part Shade | Late Spring | running understory shrub | |
Magnolia acuminata |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Humus-rich Woodland | Spring | Recommended for gardening. | |
Malus coronarius |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. | |
Nyssa sylvatica |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Scarce in FL | good fall color, slow growing | |
Physocarpus opulifolius |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. |
Pinus resinosa |
|
Dry, Moist Sun | Well-drained. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Reddish bark, good specimen tree | ||
Pinus rigida |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun Acidic | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. If leader destroyed, forms twisted shrub | |
Platanus occidentalis |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Winter bark interest; messy | ||
Prunus americana |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. best in naturalized groups; colonizes | |
Prunus serotina |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Spring | Showy fruit. Attracts tent caterpillars, disease prone | |
Prunus virginiana |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Spring | shrubby | |
Quercus alba |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. wildlife value | ||
Quercus rubra |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. fast growing | ||
Rhododendron maximum |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade Acidic | Mid Summer | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. |
Rhododendron prinophyllum |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade Acidic | Spring | Recommended for gardening. deciduous, fragrant | |
Rhus aromatica |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | Can be weedy. Well-drained. | |
Rhus typhina |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer | Showy fruit. good fall color, spreads, short lived | |
Rosa blanda |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. thornless, can be trained as a climber | |
Rosa carolina |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. short, suckers | |
Rosa pallustris |
|
Moist, Wet Sun | Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. best color, longest bloom; suckers | |
Rosa setigera |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Summer, Early Fall | Rare in FL | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Long bloom, good color, climber; possibly introduced to Finger Lakes from slightly further west |
Rubus odoratus |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Can be weedy. Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Large, showy flowers plus edible fruit! Typical Rubus aggressiveness | |
Salix discolor |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Very Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Salix nigra |
|
Moist, Wet Sun | Early Summer | Attracts butterflies. Erect tree, grows fast | |
Sambucus canadensis |
|
Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer, Mid Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. edible | |
Sambucus pubens |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. | |
Sassafras albidum |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring | Good bird tree, fall color; borderline hardy | |
Shepherdia canadensis |
|
Dry, Moist Part Shade Lime Loving | Mid Summer | Showy fruit. berry mildly poisonous | |
Sorbus americana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. short-lived, food for birds | |
Spirea alba var. alba |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Attracts butterflies. spreads | |
Spirea alba var. latifolia |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Mid Summer, Late Summer | Attracts butterflies. Spreads; takes drier soils and has wider leaves than var. alba | |
Staphylea trifolia |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Scarce in FL | Showy fruit. striped bark; in sun can sucker to large size |
Symphoricarpos albus var. albus |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Summer | Scarce in FL | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. Nurseries mostly carry var. laevigatus, a western U.S. native |
Thuja occidentalis |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Recommended for gardening. Evergreen, many cultivars available. Deer love the foliage. | ||
Tilia americana |
|
Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Summer, Mid Summer | fragrant | |
Tsuga canadensis |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Wooly adelgid is fatal; little grows beneath hemlocks | ||
Ulmus rubra |
|
Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun | Early Spring | ||
Vaccinium angustifolium |
|
Moist Part Sun, Part Shade Rocky/Stony Acidic | Summer | Groundcover. Edible fruit. | |
Vaccinium corymbosum |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Sun Acidic | Mid Spring, Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. edible fruit | |
Vaccinium macrocarpum |
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Wet Sun Acidic | Summer | Requires an acidic bog area to grow. Edible fruit. | |
Vaccinium myrtilloides |
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Dry Sun, Part Sun Sandy Acidic | Summer | Showy fruit. Reputed to have the sweetest blueberry fruits. | |
Viburnum acerifolium |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade, Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Cream & pink fall color; Viburnum leaf beetle & deer problems | |
Viburnum cassinoides |
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Dry, Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Attracts butterflies. Viburnum leaf beetle (Viburnum nudum var cassinoides) | |
Viburnum dentatum var. lucidum |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Early Summer | Showy fruit. Viburnum leaf beetle | |
Viburnum lantanoides |
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Moist Shade | Early Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Viburnum leaf beetle; needs cool soil (Viburnum alnifolium) | |
Viburnum lentago |
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Dry, Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. large shrub, edible | |
Viburnum opulus var. americanum |
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Moist, Wet Sun, Part Sun | Late Spring, Early Summer | Recommended for gardening. Showy fruit. Used in traditional 19th century gardens. viburnum leaf beetle (Viburnum trilobum) | |
Zanthoxylum americanum |
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Moist Sun, Part Sun, Part Shade | Late Spring | Scarce in FL | fragrant; thorns |